The bonds between imperial China and Western missionaries are an eternally fascinating subject. Amongst them are Italian missionary Giuseppe Castiglione. He came to China to spread the gospel, but ended up spreading Western arts and science to the middle kingdom. Castiglione’s holy calling took a detour when his artistic skills impressed Emperor 康熙/Kangxi who later commissioned him to paint and design Western style houses for the royal family. Castiglione went on to work for the subsequent two emperors 雍正/Yongzheng and 乾隆/Qianlong. He also took the Chinese name 郎士宁/lang2 shi4 ning2.
His style was a unique blend of European painting and Chinese subjects and themes (see the portrait of Emperoro Qianlong). Castiglione’s time was the golden age of Qing Dynasty. Contact with the West thrived, especially in arts and science. Missionaries played a key role in the process. Castiglione even became the subject of a TV series about his life and work here. In a rather beguiling casting decison, he was played by famous Canadian sinophile Dashan (picture and clip).
Another prominent Italian missionary was Matteo Ricci/利玛窦 who contributed largely to math and science. Like Castiglione, he passed away and was buried in China. His grave is in a beautiful garden which is now the Communist Party School in Beijing.
Hi, I am Jenny Zhu from ChinesePod.com. I bring you a slice of the Chinese language and culture in the daily podcast. But there is so much more than what a podcast has time for, so jennyzhu.com is a space of observation and reflection on the big, small and everything in between about China.
gswafford
July 31st, 2008 at 11:37 pm
Interesting tidbit of information. I don’t believe either of these two individuals were ever mentioned in the courses I took on Ancient and Modern Chinese history. Thanks for sharing.
Brendan
July 31st, 2008 at 11:39 pm
Ricci’s been a hero of mine for a long time: I’m not a big fan of missionaries in principle, but there’s a long strain of Jesuits in my family. I visited his grave several years ago — it’s not far from the 车公庄 subway stop in western downtown Beijing. The guard at the gate wasn’t very happy about the idea of letting me in — it is a Party school, after all, and the teacher in charge of leading tours was out for the day — but I told him that I was from Macerata, Ricci’s hometown, and he ushered me in.
(I have to say, casting Dashan as 郎世宁 didn’t work for me. I don’t share most expats’ dislike for the guy; I just think he’s kind of goofy-looking, and the wigs and fake beard they gave him didn’t help that much.)
Magnus77
August 1st, 2008 at 8:45 am
“Castiglione even became the subject of a TV series about his life and work here. In a rather beguiling casting decison, he was played by famous Canadian sinophile Dashan.”
how can we see this program??? Is it online?? That would be a great show to see, is it accurate?? Great posts Jenny Zhu… always positive about China and refreshing.
Jenny Zhu
August 1st, 2008 at 1:30 pm
I’ve just put the clip. Enjoy!
The best periods in Chinese history seem to be when the ruler was relatively open minded, intellectually curious which opened the door for exchange with the outside world.
art
August 1st, 2008 at 1:45 pm
Those are the well-known ones. There were other good unknown missionaries (there were bad missionaries too) who established schools and clinics all over China. My 外婆 benefited from these when she grew up in Xiamen. The missionaries also cared for her and her sister when they were children.
A Scottish missionary named Douglas Carstairs developed a romanized dictionary of 闽南话。Many Chinese from the Xiamen area in the early 1900s learned to write letters using this romanized form. I think they didn’t have opportunities to go to school. We call this 白话 in 闽南话。My brother found a copy of this amazing dictionary at Amazon.com, http://www.amazon.com/Chinese-.....amp;sr=8-2.
In addition, http://www.amazon.com/Chinese-.....amp;sr=8-2
Brendan
August 1st, 2008 at 3:19 pm
art, i understand that the romanization you mentioned (I’ve seen it referred to as the Church Romanization) was still in use recently, albeit mostly by pretty old people. Matteo Ricci and Nicolas Trigault were the developers of the first systematic romanization for Chinese, and in fact a lot of developments in romanization came from missionaries. The Wade-Giles system was first developed by Thomas Wade, who was a Protestant missionary if memory serves, and then later refined by Lionel Giles, a man who had a passionate hatred of missionaries. The Yale romanization system for Mandarin was developed by George A. Kennedy, who was not a missionary as far as I can remember, but was the child of missionary parents.
Jenny Zhu
August 1st, 2008 at 4:00 pm
Come to think of it, the casting of Dashan has a strong basis. His grandfather was a missionary who spent a good deal of time in China.
colin
August 6th, 2008 at 11:26 am
let’s not forget adam schall and nicolo langobardi! but i’m partial because i played nicolo in a german tv movie.